![]() Cytometry A 85A(6):537–547Īkin Yildirim Y, Toprak A, Tigli O (2018) Piezoelectric membrane actuators for micropump applications using PVDF-TrFE. Some substantial resources are provided for future researchers to explore their applications.Īkagi J, Zhu F, Hall CJ, Crosier KE, Crosier PS, Wlodkowic D (2014) Integrated chip-based physiometer for automated fish embryo toxicity biotests in pharmaceutical screening and ecotoxicology. The chief benefit of this paper is a broader understanding of the applications of piezoelectric pumps. Finally, conclusions are given and future prospects are considered. ![]() The detailed description of each application field gives an idea of the latest developments in the application of piezoelectric pumps. This paper focuses on piezoelectric pump applications in areas related to sensing control, heat dissipation cooling, aerospace, robotics, cars, chemical analysis, bioanalysis, MEMS (microelectromechanical control system), DMFC (direct methanol fuel cells), and PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cells), etc. ![]() ![]() In recent decades, researchers have conducted a wide range of research into the application of piezoelectric pumps. The direction of development of piezoelectric pumps is the integration of transmission devices into microfluidic systems to meet the requirements of precise fluid transfer. To learn more about our piezo actuators see our related publications on piezo actuators .Piezoelectric pumps are widely used in electronic instruments, industrial production, scientific applications, fuel supply and other fields. In the context of its space activities, the multi layer piezo ceramics available on the market are compared in terms of performance and reliability for the benefice of its space and non-space customers.Ĭustomized or new piezoelectric actuators and associated electronics developed by CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES are presented in the following examples: A hollow piezo actuator, a double amplification actuator to get millimetres strokes, an amplified piezoelectric actuator with re-enforced pre-stress to survive large external vibrations (for space applications), extremely small (micro) to extremely large actuators …Īlso developed by CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES and presented in other sections, Piezo Mechanisms and Piezo Motors are more complex devices that can also be considered as piezo actuators. In a restricted sense, piezo actuators cover controllable actuators using these multi-layer piezo ceramics to make solid-state actuators using electrically-induced deformations.ĬEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES’ Standard piezoelectric actuators, such as the PPAs & the APA®have been using these piezo materials this way for more than 10 years. Thanks to a structure based on PZT layers of 50 to 100µm placed between internal electrodes, the maximum electric field can reach up to 2MV/m with a voltage of less than 200V, leading to an active deformation of about 1000ppm. The multi layer piezo ceramics (MLA) have been developed in the 90s to reduce the required voltage outside resonance. It is still used by CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES in various vibration, sound and ultrasound generators as well as detection systems. This method leading to ‘resonant actuators’ was at first developed by Paul Langevin in 1917 to build sonar transducer emitters. This field requires high voltages, except at resonance, because the Q factor allows a full deformation with a reduced voltage. They offer deformations in the range of 300ppm with field of 600kV/m. Bulk piezo ceramics are poled and covered with external electrodes to generate the electrical excitation field. Since the 60s, the most usual materials for actuators have been the PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) ceramics. The inverse piezoelectric effect, the key effect used to realise piezo actuator functions, consists in the deformation of a piezoelectric material due to the applied electric field. CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES can also develop customised piezo sensors and generators as presented in the related other sections. Standard piezo actuators from CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES such as APA® can be used for such applications because the direct piezoelectric effect is naturally present in all piezo actuators. This effect is used to develop sensors for dynamic force or electric generators for vibration energy harvesting. The direct piezoelectric effect has been discovered by Pierre and Jacques Curie in 1880: Applying a mechanical pressure on some crystals as Quartz or Rochelle Salts generates electric charges. To be more specific, the following classification can be applied based on effects and uses. Potentially, all devices using one of the piezo effects can be considered as piezo actuators. Piezoelectric actuators, according to the broadest meaning, cover a wide range of concepts.
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